ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™ – ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื‘-28 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1919 ื—ืชืžื• ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื•ืจืกืื™, ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช. ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื• ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืจืกืื™. ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช: ืืจื”"ื‘, ืฆืจืคืช, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื”.

ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™

ื•ื•ื“ืจื• ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ (ืืจื”"ื‘)ย  – ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื ืงืžื”. ืจืฆื” ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœืขืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื.

ื’'ื•ืจ'ื’' ืงืœืžื ืกื• (ืฆืจืคืช)ย  –ย  ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฆืจืคืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืคืœืชื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื (ืืœื–ืก ืœื•ืจื™ื™ืŸ).

ืœื•ื™ื“ ื’'ื•ืจื’' (ืื ื’ืœื™ื”) โ€“ ืจืฆื” ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืชื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืืš ืœื ืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ืฆืจืคืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช.

ืื•ืจืœื ื“ื• (ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”) โ€“ ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื.

ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื›ืขืกื• ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืกืขื™ืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืืช ืžืกืžืš 14 ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ.

ื”ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื—ืชืžื• ืชืชื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.ย  ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™ ืคื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™. ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืจืกืื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉืคื™ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉ"ื”ืฉืคืœืช ื•ืจืกืื™" ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.

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ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™:

ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื

ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื˜ื— ืจื‘ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ "ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™" ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื•ืœื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื“ื ืฆื™ื’, ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช. ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฆ'ื›ื•ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ืจืจื™- "ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื˜ื™ื". ืœืฆืจืคืช ื ืžืกืจื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืืœื–ืก ืœื•ืจืŸ. ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ืขื ืฆืจืคืช, ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื˜ื— ืžืคื•ืจื– (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื•ื ืฉืง). ืœืฉื ืฆื‘ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื“ื ืžืจืง ื•ืขื•ื“.

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ืชื ืื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื

ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœืžืื” ืืœืš ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื ืืกืจ ืขืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืฆื™ ื™ืžื™, ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืฆืจืคืช.

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ืืฉืžืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”

ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื’ืข ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืขื™ืก ืืช ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื•ืจืกืื™ ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื ืชืคืกื” ื›ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื’ืจืžื”. ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืชืฉืœื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฆืจืคืช. ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืฉืคืœืช ืžื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™ ื•ืจืืชื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจืฆื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื” ื‘ื•ืจืกืื™, ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“.

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ืจืื• ื’ื:

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืจืกืื™ ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ื–ื: ื”ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืจืคื” ืœืžื”ืคื›ื”

ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืฉืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”: ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ

ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ, ืื‘ื™ ื”ืœื•ื’ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช

ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืงืื ื˜ ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื

ืื ืื•ืฉืจ ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืขืฉื™ืจ", "ืื”ื•ื‘" ืื• "ืžืฆืœื™ื—", ืื– ืœื“ืขืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืงืื ื˜ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ืฉื’, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช…

ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืก ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื™

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช: ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช: ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื: ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื: ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื™ื ืก.

ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื: ืžื‘ื•ื ืงืฆืจ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืœ ืจื•ื’'ืจืก

ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจืœ ืจื•ื’'ืจืก – ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20

ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืœื ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช: ืขืœ ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื™ืืœื•ื

ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื™ืืœื•ื ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืืš ืžืืชื’ืจ: ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžื•ื“ืข, ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืคืชื•ื— ืœืื™-ื•ื“ืื•ืช.

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