ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื / ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš – ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื / ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš

ืฉึดืื™ืจ ืœึธืื•ึนื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึดื™ื
ืึธืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึดึผืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื” ื™ึนืื”ึฒื‘ื•ึผ.
ื™ึฐืžึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึทึผื ึฐืขึดื™ืžึดื™ื ื™ึทื—ึฐืœึฐืคื•ึผ
ื’ึทื ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื“ึฐืชึธื ืฉึฐืืื•ึนืœ ืœึนื ื™ึทื–ึฐืงึดื™ื ื•ึผ,
ื ึตืฆึทื— ืœึนื ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึฐื“ื•ึผ
ื™ึธื—ึทื“ ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ
ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึทื™ึดืช ืึถื—ึธื“.

ืฉึดืื™ืจ ืœึธืื•ึนื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึดื™ื
ืขึธืœ ืžึดืฉึฐืื›ึธึผื‘ึธื ื‘ึฐึผืึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืœึธื”.
ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ ืึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื” ื™ึฐื›ึทื‘ึผื•ึผ,
ื™ึธื—ึทื“ ื™ึทืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื,
ื–ึถื” ืึถืช ื–ึถื” ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ,
ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตืช ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“ ืงื•ึนืจึตื-
ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ื™ึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืง ื”ื•ึผื.
ืึถืช ื ึฐืฉึดืื™ืžึทืช ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืขึดื™ื ืฉึธืขื•ึนืŸ
ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื—ึฒืฆื•ึนืช.
ืฉึดืื™ืจ ืœึธืื•ึนื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึดื™ื
ืึธืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึตื ื‘ึธึผื™ึดืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึทืœึฐืชื•ึน ื ึธืขึฒืœื•ึผ.
ื”ึตื’ึดื™ืคื•ึผ ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘ ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึฐืจึดื™ืกึดื™ื, ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ึผืฅ ืงึทืจ
ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึทืคึดึผื™ื ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึฐืžึธื˜ึธืจ.
ืื•ึนืจึตื—ึท ืœื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ื‘ึทึผืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ืึธืฉึถืืจ ื›ึธึผื–ึถื”
ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื- ืึทืœ ืชึดืคึฐืชึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึธืœึถืช. ืžึฐืึปื—ึธืจ
ื•ึฐืจึทืง ืงึนืจ ื ื•ึนืฉึตืื‘ ื‘ึธึผืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื”ึทืžึฐืฉืื•ึนืจึตืจ
ืžึดืžึฐืฆื•ึผืงึธื”, ืœึนื ืžึดืฉึถืืคึทืข, ื”ื•ึผื ืฉึธืืจ, ื”ึดืฉึทืืึทืจื•ึผ
ื—ึทื‘ื•ึผืงึดื™ื.

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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ

"ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ื”ืคื•ืฉืจืช ื•ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ืฉ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื”ืœืœ ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืœื’ืœื’ ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื•ื’ ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•"ื™ืžื™ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื". ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืง ืื—ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื‘ืชื™ื

ื‘ื™ืช ื'

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืคื•ืจื—ืช: "ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืœืคื• / ื’ื ื‘ืจื“ืชื ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื ื™ื–ืงื™ื ื•, / ื ืฆื— ืœื ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื• / ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“" . ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”. ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื" ืคื•ืฉืจืช ืžื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื“ืจืช ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขืžื•ื. ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืœื™ืคืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื. ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’.

ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื‘ืจื“ืชื ืฉืื•ืœ" ืžืจืžื–ื•ืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขื™ืžื™ื. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ "ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืชื ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ…" ืืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ (ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื).

ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช: "ื ืฆื— ืœื ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื•" โ€“ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื "ื™ื—ื“" ื•- "ืื—ื“" ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืžื ื ื”ืœืš-ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืื•ืชืชืช ืขืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ (ืฉื™ื›ืœื™), ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืงื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช.

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ื‘ื™ืช ื‘'

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื›ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื. ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืœื ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืกื•ืขืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง: "ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื”. / ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื‘ื•, / ื™ื—ื“ ื™ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื, / ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื‘ืจื›ื•… " โ€“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืืœื ืฉื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืจื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื”, ื”ืขื“ืจ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืžืื•ืœืฅ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืช-ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ื’ื ืืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช: "ืืช ื ืฉื™ืžืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉืขื•ืŸ / ื•ืจื•ื— ื—ืฆื•ืช". ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ โ€“ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ื”ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืžืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื ืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ (ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืžื– ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ) ื•ืจื•ื— ื—ืฆื•ืช (ืกืžืœ ืœืงืจื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืœื™ืช ย ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™).

ื‘ื™ืช ื’'

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื. ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื›ื• ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื". ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืคื—ื“, ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ: "ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืงืจ / ื•ืจื•ื— ื•ืžืฆืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื˜ืจ" โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ืœืžื‘ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืกืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื—. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืชื”. ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืงืจ: "ืžืื•ื—ืจ / ื•ืจืง ืงื•ืจ ื ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื". ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจื’ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืขืžื“ืชื• ื›ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (ื”ื), ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ (ืืชื), ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’.

ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ: "ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ / ืžืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืœื ืžืฉืคืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืจ." โ€“ ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืจืก-ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืช (ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”), ืœืคื™ื” ื–ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื”ื ื•ืืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.

ืืช ื”ืขืฆื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ–

ื) ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ื ื” – "ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ื—ื‘ื•ืงื™ื." ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” โ€“ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงืจ ื•ืžื ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”.

ื‘) ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ "ื”ืฉืืจื• ื—ื‘ื•ืงื™ื", ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”. ื•ืื ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื›ืš, ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืชื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืงื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ืืœ ืชืชืืžืฆื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœื ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉื™ื.

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ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ื

1)ย ย ย ย  ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ

ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ "ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื" ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืื•ืงืกื™ืžื•ืจื•ืŸ. (ืื•ืงืกื™ืžื•ืจื•ืŸ = ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“). ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื: "ืื”ื‘ื”" ื•- "ืชื‘ื•ื ื”" ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจ.

ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”. ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื "ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื" ื•- "ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื", ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื: "ืื”ื‘ื”" ื•- "ืชื‘ื•ื ื”" ื ืชืคืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื”ืคื›ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœ. ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ.

2)ย ย ย ย  ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”

ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ืขื” ื•ืžื›ืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื”. ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœืœ (ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ) ืœื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืœืฆืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.

3)ย ย ย ย  ืื ืืคื•ืจื” (ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืœืฉื ื”ื“ื’ืฉื”)

ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช: "ืฉื™ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื" โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื”ืœืœ ืœื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืœืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉ"ืื”ื‘ืชื" โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.

4)ย ย ย ย  ื”ืื ืฉื”

"ืืช ื ืฉื™ืžืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉืขื•ืŸ / ื•ืจื•ื— ื—ืฆื•ืช". ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื (ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื) โ€“ ื–ืืช ืœืฉื ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื’ืจื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช-ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืื’ืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช – ืคืจืง ืฉื™ืจื”

ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืœ: ื”"ืกืขืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช" ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืžื ื”

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื ื‘ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™? ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”"ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืœ"

ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ 27 – ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช?

ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื’'ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ืงืก, ื’'ื ื™ืก ื’'ื•ืคืœื™ืŸ, ื’'ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืงื•ืจื˜ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื™ืžื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ืก? ื•ื”ืื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืชื”ื™ืœืช ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจ? ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ 27

ืจื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื— ืฉืงืจ: ื ืฉืžืช ื ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ืงื•ื

ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ืžืกืคืง ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื

ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืข

ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ืจืง ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื ื’ืžืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื•

ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื?

ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื? ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืจื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ืŸ ื›ืžื˜ืจื“, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืขืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืชืจื•ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™?

ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“

ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

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